On This Day in History

Ernest Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea, which later won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, was first published.

Channel 11 began television broadcasts in Minneapolis, United States.

Rioting erupted in Dayton, Ohio, resulting in one death and the mobilization of the Ohio National Guard.

At an Arab League summit, eight nations issued the Khartoum Resolution, declaring that there would be "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, [and] no negotiations with it".

Muammar Gaddafi (pictured) led a coup d'état to overthrow King Idris of Libya.

In a match widely publicized as a Cold War confrontation, American chess grandmaster Bobby Fischer became the 11th World Chess Champion with his victory over Soviet Boris Spassky.

A 76-hour multinational rescue effort in the Irish Sea resulted in the deepest sub rescue in history (pictured).

A Soviet jet interceptor shot down the civilian Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near the island of Sakhalin in the north Pacific, killing all 246 passengers and 23 crew on board.

Speakers' Corner, a free speech area in Hong Lim Park in Singapore, was launched.

Hurricane Dorian, the most powerful Atlantic hurricane on record outside the tropics, made landfall in the Bahamas at Category 5 intensity.